Soil erosion can be effectively controlled by modifying topography to reduce concentrated overland flow or by planting vegetation to reduce soil detachment and transport. The soil erosion probability zone was generated by overlaying different layers such as land useland cover, soil, slope and a rainfall maps using weighted index overlay method. Caesar cellular automaton evolutionary slope and river model wilsim webbased interactive landform simulation model wind erosion. The aims of this paper is to model the spatial distribution of soil erosion in densu river basin of ghana using rusle and gis tools and to use the model to explore the relationship between erosion susceptibility, slope and land use and land cover lulc in the basin. The soil erosion process is modified by biophysical environment comprising soil, climate, terrain, ground cover and interactions between them. The wepp model, cligen model and climate data files have not changed. Sheet erosion sheet erosion is the removal of soil in thin layers by raindrop impact and shallow surface flow. Monitoring and modeling of erosion processes can help people better understand the causes of soil erosion, make predictions of erosion under a range of possible conditions, and plan the implementation of preventative and restorative strategies for erosion. Soil loss is so gradual that the erosion usually goes unnoticed, but the cumulative. The slemsa model is neither meant for estimation of sediment yields to rivers or dams nor soil deposition in depressions. Erosion model demonstration this demonstration shows the effect ground cover has on soil erosion. In accordance with these agents, erosion is sometimes divided into water erosion, glacial. The implementation of appropriate measures is strongly needed in order to prevent. Ethiopia is known for its historic agriculture, but also for the associated, widespread, and ongoing land degradation.
He is past president and serves on the board of directors of. Estimation of potential soil erosion rate using rusle and. Pdf this chapter explains the theory and methods for gisbased modeling of soil erosion, sediment transport, and deposition by surface water flow. Documents below in pdf format requre adobe acrobat reader to view them. Integrated modeling of soil erosion for a canadian watershed.
Such models often consider other landscapeforming processes in addition to erosion, such as mass movements and fluvial river erosion. The usle predicts potential erosion and is widely used in the world. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a greater rate than it is formed soil the soil covering the surface of the earth has taken millions of years to form and we must learn to respect it. Published online december 8, 2017 soil erosion modeling and conservation planning james c. Introduction purpose during the construction process, soil is highly vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. Nov 10, 2016 although soil erosion plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and affects the well being of aquatic and marine ecosystems, few earth system models include processbased representations of the transport of sediments and particulate organic carbon from land to rivers and streams. Eroded soil endangers water resources by reducing water quality and causing the siltation of aquatic habitat for fish and other desirable species. Columbus, oh 43210, usa 2north appalachian experimental watershed, usdaagricultural research service, p. They further stated that developmentof proc essbased erosion prediction technology has required the delineation and description offunda.
However, when earthquakes occur, massive amounts of soil, including crops and forests are a. Modeling reforestations role in climateproofing watersheds from flooding and soil erosion fulltext html xml download as pdf size. Estimating water erosion and sediment yield with gis. The fourth 4th largest river of papua new guinea, and its catchment area was considered for this research. Dynamic monitoring of plant cover and soil erosion using. Estimation of vegetation parameter for modeling soil erosion using linear spectral mixture analysis of landsat etm data alejandro m. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional scalesthe role of geomorphologists in land management research and implementation chris s. Iirs carried out erosion model in mountainous terrain, the study was. The presented methods cover modeling of hillslope erosion and. We used tangible landscape to analyze distribution of soil erosion and deposition potential in a small watershed and to design conservation measures by changing topography and. Assessment of soil erosion by rusle model using remote.
Soil erosion download soil erosion ebook pdf or read online books in pdf. Title page abstract introduction conclusions references tables figures j i j i back close full screen esc printerfriendly version interactive discussion abstract soil erosion is the main driver of land degradation in ethiopia, and in the whole region of east africa. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice glaciers, snow, air wind, plants, animals, and humans. Brief overview of catchment modeling and trap efficiency of reservoirs. Nearing, and holm kipka abstract accelerated soil erosion induced by human activities is a primary cause of soil degradation worldwide. Some models focus on longterm natural or geological erosion, as a component of landscape evolution. If you do not have acrobat reader, click here to download it. The objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude of soil loss rate, assess. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity. Thus, the erosion values obtained from the rusle revised universal soil loss equation more accurately represents longterm averages. Box 488, coshocton, oh 43812, usa 3national soil survey center, usdanrcs, federal. The existence of stones over the soil surface may reduce erosion by protecting soil from rain splash. Soil erosion is one of the main forms of land degradation. Soil erosion and sediment yield modeling using remote sensing and gis techniques 61 30 where, y is the sediment yield on a given day ton, qs is the surface runoff mm, qp is the peak runoff rate m3s, a area is area km2, 3.
Soil erosion assessment in this study has been done using morgan et al. Soil erosion modeling using rusle and gis on dudhawa catchment. May 12, 2018 soil erosion can be effectively controlled by modifying topography to reduce concentrated overland flow or by planting vegetation to reduce soil detachment and transport. Soil erosion modeling using rusle and gis on cameron highlands, malaysia for hydropower development soo huey teh a 30 ects credit units master. Renschlera,b, jon harbora ausdaagricultural research service ars national soil erosion research laboratory nserl, purdue university, 1196 soil building, west lafayette, in 479071196, usa.
Soil erosion by water has accelerated over recent decades due to nonsustainable land use practices resulting in substantial land degradation processes. T value tolerable erosion equilibrium between soil gains and losses. However, their hillslope erosion component usually considers only soil erosion. Model ordinance for agricultural erosion control original publication august 1994 updated april 2014 minnesota board of water and soil resources 520 lafayette road north st. Lisle encyclopedia of life support systems eolss arklscp ff off, 1 where a is the mass of soil lost from unit area per year, averaged over as many years as. In order to develop landscapescale estimates of soil erosion in minnesotas agricultural.
The rate at which erosion occurs depends upon the properties of the soil, terrain, climate, rainfall intensity and. The corrected cligen par file documentation is available here. Modeling the impacts of soil management practices on runoff, sediment yield, maize productivity, and soil organic carbon using apex pdf. Epic is composed of physically based components for simulating erosion, plant growth, and related processes. Among these, the univeral soil loss equation usle 31,32, european soil ero sion model eurosem 33, soil erosion model for. Estimating water erosion and sediment yield with gis, rusle. The united states department of agriculture, the agricultural research. Soil erosion in this region has been identified as a major problem due to both natural and anthropogenic factors.
However, many erosion models were developed to quantify the effects of accelerated soil erosion i. The objective of this thesis is to determine the mean annual soil loss rate using the rusle model for the upper catchment of cameron highlands for. The water erosion prediction project wepp developed a computer model for predicting soil erosion by water. The study was conducted on a highly precipitated, rugged, tropical forested with steep slope watershed during 1992 to 2009.
The details of all publications are in the researchgate in full text pdf forms. Upland erosion modeling rusle revised universal soil loss equation widely used method for estimating soil erosion the original usle is an empirical. Why is it important to conserve soil on the surface. Soil erosion assessment using gis and revised universal soil. Soil erosion assessment using gis and revised universal. Excessive soil erosion with a resultant high rate of sedimentation in the reservoirs and decreased fertility has become solemn environmental problems for the country with disastrous economic consequences. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Assessment of soil erosion using rusle, gis and remote.
Graduate school of agricultural and life sciences, the university of tokyo, yayoi 111, bunkyoku, tokyo, 18657, japan. Introduction the accuracy of model prediction is important. Pdf modeling soil erosion using rusle and gis tools. Modeling soil carbon transported by water erosion processes. Soil erosion involves detachment and transport of soil particles from top soil layers, degrading soil quality and reducing the productivity of affected lands. Erosion contributes to loss of agricultural land productivity and ecological and esthetic values of natural environment, and it impairs the production of safe drinking water and hydroenergy production. Dr mark nearing has authored more than 200 scientific papers on the subject of soil erosion over the past 25 years. However, it can be regarded as a useful model in differentiating areas of high and low erosion potential schulze, 1979. Soil erosion modeling and conservation planning mafiadoc. Modeling reforestations role in climateproofing watersheds. The mathematical foundations of erosion models are introduced and simpli. Soil erosion and sediment yield prediction accuracy using wepp. Rusle, a bnctional model derived fiom the analysis of intensive soil erosion data, has seen wide application in longterm water erosion pre diction renard et al.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as. Method factsheet rusle revised universal soil loss. In addition to the input file for cligen par file, the cligen output file and wepp model use units of ms for wind speed. In terms of soil texture, silt, very fine sand, and clay soils tend to be less erodible than sand, sandy loam, and loamy soils. It is essentially a model for soil removal schulze, 1979. Simulating erosion using ansys computational fluid dynamics. Upland erosion modeling rusle revised universal soil loss equation widely used method for estimating soil erosion the original usle is an empirical equation 1. The calculated erosion values reflected by this model can vary significantly due to fluctuating weather conditions. Depending on the local landscape and weather conditions, erosion may be very slow or very rapid.
Soil parameter inputs for wepp are based on 1992 soils5 data. Universal soil loss equation and revised universal soil loss equation 9 include any impact either erosion or deposition of the concentrated flow channels that form in the natural swales at the bottom of the roughly planar hillslopes, and certainly did not address classical gullying processes that often occur at steep bound. The rusle uses the simple equation a r x k x ls x c x p. Because of its unique ability of the rosehairsine model to explicitly recognize the differential behavior of the various. Natural erosion has sculptured landforms on the uplands and built landforms on the lowlands. Thus, assessment of soil erosion and identifying the lands more prone to erosion are vital for erosion management process. Soil erosion soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil material. It results in loss of the finest soil particles that contain most of the available nutrients and organic matter in the soil. If we lose this layer, this area will become useless to farmers and native.
However, their hillslope erosion component usually considers only soil erosion by water. Watershed soil erosion, integrated gis, rusle modelling, climate change, buffer strips how to cite this paper. A soil erosion model was developed to integrate ndvi and land slope to esti mate the soil erosion rate and the vegetation cover is a major factor of soil erosion. Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation. Download soil erosion modeling using gis and rusle on the eurajoki. Due to the relatively simple empirical approach, the typical erosion processes such as splash erosion, soil transport and soil deposition are not considered as a dynamic process. Hydrological data is also analyzed to give some understanding of the watershed response to the primary erosive input. The harerge region of eastern ethiopia, especially the highlands with altitudes greater than 1500m are among the highly affected areas by. Soil erosion modeling using rusle and gis on dudhawa. The older agricultural areas of the northeast have long been particularly affected, but the highest soil erosion rates are currently being observed in the western parts of the high lands. Download pdf soil erosion free online new books in politics. Modeling the sediment yield and the impact of vegetated.
A user friendly gis model for the estimation of erosion. Methods according to wischmeier and smith 1978, the usle expresses the rate of soil erosion in the form of soil loss in tonshectare th i. Unesco eolss sample chapters water interactions with energy, environment, food and agriculture vol. Application of revised universal soil loss equation rusle. A landdisturbing activity has been initiated and permanent stabilization of the site has not been completed. Soil erosion and sedimentation control ordinance page 2 of 18 affiliate. Human activities including agriculture and soil conservation can disturb the key soil erosion processes, thus contributing to a large fraction of variability in the observations. Using the remote sensing and gis technology for erosion. Soil eroded from the upland catchment causes depletion of fertile agricultural land and the.
Spatial estimation of soil erosion risk using rusle. However, the complexity of erosion processes and the number of scientific disciplines. Soil erosion risk, usle, model builder, gis, remote sensing. Application of gis methods in soil erosion modelling. Technical guidance georgia soil and water conservation. This chapter explains the theory and methods for gisbased modeling of soil erosion, sediment transport, and deposition by surface water. In corine methodology, soil erodibility is calculated by considering soil texture, soil depth, and stoniness. He is a pastpresident and honorary member of the european society for soil conservation and the author of soil erosion and conservation 3rd edition, blackwell 2005. A person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by or is under common control of another person.
Many accurate soil erosion models were developed over the last four decades to assess soil erosion risk at differ ent levels. Journal of the american water resources association jawra 402. Coupling of erosion models with gis is discussed, followed by examples of gis implementation of simple and advanced models. Its a mathematical and an empirical model used to describe soil erosion processes and based on many factors such as soil, topography, climate, land cover and human activities. Soil erosion is a three phase phenomena consisting of the detachments of individual soil particles from the soil mass and their transport by erosive agents, such as running water and wind. Modeling soil erosion with cs minnesota environment and. Kimble3 1ohio state university, school of natural resources, 2021 coey rd. This project would increase the understanding of the waterborne soil erosion directly related to river systems and the gis combined rusle model.
Soil qualitymost of the nutrients needed to sustain plant and animal life are in the top layer or horizon of soil. Soil, as formally defined in the soil science society of america glossary of soil science terms, is. Implicit in this hypothesis is the supposition that waterstable soil aggregates and primary particles can be viewed as a tracer for soc of an equivalent settling velocity. This research established an empirical methodology to estimate potential soil erosion rate based on revised universal soil loss equation rusle and e30 model. Recently, a mathematical model called epic erosion productivity impact calculator was developed to determine the relationship between soil erosion and soil productivity in the u. This class of models is also known as landscape evolution models among other names. The presented methods cover modeling of hillslope erosion and deposition, gully formation, and landscape evolution processes. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring phenomenon wheresoil particles are displaced and carried away by water, wind or other agents. During the construction process, soil is highly vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. More importantly, we find that eventscale climatic parameters e.
The soil erodibility, kf, is in practice calculated as the unknown in equation 1, given values for the slope length l, slope so, the crop management factor, cf, and pf, the factor describing any erosion control practice which might be adopted. Assessing soil erosion although soil erosion has been taking place very slowly in natural. Estimation of vegetation parameter for modeling soil erosion. The concepts and methods are illustrated using two case studies. Potential erosion, representing by soil losses, has units of weight per unit area per year thayr. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional scales. When sufficient energy is no longer available with erosive agents to transport the particles then the third phase is called a deposition. Hardly any part of the world has remained unchanged since the arrival of the specieshomo sapiens including the mountain ecosystems. Helping north coast landholders reduce soil erosion. Read online soil erosion modeling using gis and rusle on the eurajoki. The soil erosion probability zones in the study area has been categorized into four types viz.
Methods and materials modeling soil erosion by rusle. Himalayan physiographic unit of india in due course has become populated and is tolerating all kinds of human interventions. Spatially explicit information on soil erosion is critical for the development and implementation of appropriate soil and water conservation swc measures. A user friendly gis model for the estimation of erosion risk. Model postconstruction stormwater runoff control ordinance. Provided for noncommercial research and educational use.
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